Interest Rates

Interest rates refer to the percentage charged on borrowed money or paid on invested funds over a specified period. They represent the cost of borrowing for consumers and businesses or the return on investment for savings. Interest rates can be expressed as an annual percentage rate (APR) and can vary widely based on factors such as the central bank’s monetary policy, inflation rates, and the creditworthiness of borrowers.

In the context of loans, a higher interest rate means greater costs for borrowers, whereas a lower rate benefits borrowers by reducing the total repayment amount. Conversely, for savers and investors, higher interest rates typically yield better returns on deposits or investments. Interest rates can be fixed, remaining constant over time, or variable, fluctuating with market conditions. They play a crucial role in economic activity, influencing spending, saving, and investment decisions, and are a significant tool for central banks in managing economic growth and inflation.