Cryptocurrency is a type of digital or virtual currency that uses cryptography for security. It operates on decentralized networks based on blockchain technology—a distributed ledger enforced by a network of computers, known as nodes. Unlike traditional currencies issued by governments (fiat currencies), cryptocurrencies are typically not controlled by any central authority, making them immune to government interference or manipulation.
Cryptocurrencies are designed to work as a medium of exchange, allowing for peer-to-peer transactions over the internet. Each transaction is recorded on the blockchain, ensuring transparency and security, while users are identified by their cryptographic keys rather than personal information.
The most well-known cryptocurrency is Bitcoin, which was created in 2009, but thousands of alternative cryptocurrencies (altcoins) exist, each with unique features and uses. Cryptocurrencies can serve various purposes, including as investment assets, for remittances, in smart contracts, and more. Their volatility, potential for high returns, and technological innovation have attracted significant attention from investors and the general public. However, they also come with risks, including price fluctuations and security concerns.